VCPR and Veterinary Telemedicine Rules by State

Whether each state lets a veterinarian-client-patient relationship be established electronically, how it is maintained, and what telehealth is allowed without one — summarized from each state’s own statute or board rule, with its citations and a “last verified” date on every page.

The state VCPR is only one of two: the federal VCPR, and what telemedicine can establish versus only maintain, are explained in the VCPR and veterinary telemedicine.

Who may own the practice is a separate series: veterinary practice ownership by state.

Rules change — confirm current text with the board before relying on it.

AlabamaIn-person exam or premises visit requiredAlaskaIn-person exam or premises visit requiredArizonaElectronic establishment allowedArkansasTelemedicine first, in-person catch-up requiredCaliforniaElectronic establishment allowedColoradoIn-person exam or premises visit requiredConnecticutIn-person exam or premises visit requiredDelawareThe text is silent on modalityFloridaElectronic establishment allowedGeorgiaIn-person exam or premises visit requiredHawaiiIn-person exam or premises visit requiredIdahoThe text is silent on modalityIllinoisIn-person exam or premises visit requiredIndianaThe text is silent on modalityIowaIn-person exam or premises visit requiredKansasThe text is silent on modalityKentuckyIn-person exam or premises visit requiredLouisianaIn-person exam or premises visit requiredMaineThe text is silent on modalityMarylandIn-person exam or premises visit requiredMassachusettsIn-person exam or premises visit requiredMichiganIn-person exam or premises visit requiredMinnesotaThe text is silent on modalityMississippiIn-person exam or premises visit requiredMissouriThe text is silent on modalityMontanaThe text is silent on modalityNebraskaThe text is silent on modalityNevadaIn-person exam or premises visit requiredNew HampshireIn-person exam or premises visit requiredNew JerseyElectronic establishment allowedNew MexicoThe text is silent on modalityNew YorkThe text is silent on modalityNorth CarolinaIn-person exam or premises visit requiredNorth DakotaIn-person exam or premises visit requiredOhioElectronic establishment allowedOklahomaThe text is silent on modalityOregonIn-person exam or premises visit requiredPennsylvaniaThe text is silent on modalityRhode IslandThe text is silent on modalitySouth CarolinaIn-person exam or premises visit requiredSouth DakotaThe text is silent on modalityTennesseeIn-person exam or premises visit requiredTexasIn-person exam or premises visit requiredUtahThe text is silent on modalityVermontThe text is silent on modalityVirginiaElectronic establishment allowedWashingtonIn-person exam or premises visit requiredWashington, DCElectronic establishment allowedWest VirginiaIn-person exam or premises visit requiredWisconsinIn-person exam or premises visit requiredWyomingThe text is silent on modality

A state missing from this list has not been researched and written up yet.

It is not a statement about that state’s requirements.

VCPR Rules and Staffing: Relief Vets and New Associates

Each state page above says how that state's text lets a VCPR be established and maintained, including whether telehealth can start one. Before you schedule a relief or newly hired veterinarian alone on existing patients, or plan after-hours telehealth coverage, check your state's page and confirm anything it leaves open with the board.